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Here we introduced the teaching objectives, course contents and examination methods of oral biology in North America, Europe, Australia, Japan, Korea and other countries, compared the differences of oral biology courses among these schools, domestic and abroad, and we further analyzed the deep backgrounds or reasons of these differences. In brief, the oral biology education abroad is mainly for the graduate students, and the teaching target is improving the research ability of the students, in addition, the course contents varies a lot from school to school. Whereas in China, the teaching objects include both undergraduates and graduate students, the course aims to popularize the basic scientific knowledge of oral biology, and the course contents mostly depends on the uniform text books. The deep reasons of course differences might be related to different education systems and teaching targets. Our data will be helpful for the further improvement and future development of our domestic oral biology education.
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Objective To explore the feasibility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guided transthoracic incision closure of aortic sinus aneurysm rupture (RASA).Methods Data of 30 patients with RASA underwent TEE guided transthoracic incision closure of RASA were retrospectively analyzed.The distance between the coronary artery ostium and crevasse was measured in right coronary sinus aneurysm rupture patients.During the operation,the guide wire and sheath pipe were guided accurately into rupture mouth of aortic sinus aneurysm with TEE.After the operation,the position of closure and the function of aortic valves were checked carefully,while in right coronary sinus aneurysm rupture patients,coronary ostium should not be occluded by the occluder.Results Totally 20 of 30 patients accepted interventional treatment successfully.Right coronary sinus aneurysm rupture was found in 10 patients,including 7 with rupture developing into right ventricle and 3 with rupture into right atrium.Posterior coronary sinus tumor rupture was found in 10 patients,including 8 with rupture developing into right atrium and 3 with rupture into right ventricle.Patients who received intervention treatment successfully had stable vital signs,and no obvious changes of heart cavity structure and cardiac function was found.Postoperative multiple reexaminations showed all patients had normal closure position,aortic valve opening and closing movement was normal.No stenosis,reflux signal nor residual shunt were found.Conclusion RASA can be diagnosed accurately with TEE,and the occluder can be placed guided by TEE.TEE guided transthoracic incision closure of RASA is a feasible method.
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Objective To investigate the effect of curcumin on Aβ production in swAPP HEK293 cells and its preliminary mechanism.Methods swAPP HEK293 was used as cell model,the effect of curcumin (at different time points and of concentration) on cell viability was accessed by MTT assay.After the cells were treated with non-cytotoxic concentration of 5 μmol/L for different time,ELISA was used to detect Aβ production.The concentration and the time point of the strongest inhibitory effect were selected for the following tests.Real time PCR was employed to analyze miR-153 and APP mRNA expression,and Western blot was used to detect APP protein expression.Results As compared with the control group,curcumin of ≤ 5 μmol/L had no toxicity effect on the cell viability (P ＞ 0.05).Curcumin significantly inhibited Aβ production (P ＜ 0.05).Therefore 5 μmol/L curcumin and 24 h were selected as the best concentration and timc.Curcumin of 5 μmol/L had no obvious impact on APP mRNA expression (P ＜ 0.05),whereas markedly decreased APP protein expression.In addition,miR-153 level in the cells was significantly increased by 5 μmol/L curcumin treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Curcumin may inhibit Aβ production through up-rcgulating miR-153 level and reducing APP protein expression in swAPP HEK293 cells.
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Directed evolution was used to improve the performance of beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase (designated as PtLicl6A) from Paecilomyces thermophila J18 under acidic condition. A mutant library was constructed by error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling, and positive clones were screened by Congo red staining. More than 1 500 mutants were selected. One mutant (PtLic16AM1) exhibited an optimal activity at pH 5.5, while the optimal pH of the wild-type enzyme was 7.0. The mutant PtLic16AM1 kept the high specific activity and thermotolerence of the wild-type enzyme. Sequence analysis revealed that the mutant enzyme has four sense substitutions which caused four amino acid substitutions - namely T58S, Y110N, G195E and D221G.. Homology modeling showed that among the four amino acid substitutions, Y110N was near the active site of the enzyme, while the other three was distant. T58S and G195E may play key roles in the change of optimal pH. This study provided a new perspective of obtaining applicable 3-1,3-1,4-glucanase for industrial use.
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Catalysis , Directed Molecular Evolution , Methods , Endo-1,3(4)-beta-Glucanase , Genetics , Metabolism , Enzyme Stability , Hot Temperature , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Mutant Proteins , Metabolism , Mutation , Paecilomyces , Classification , Genetics , Protein Engineering , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Topiramate as adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory epilepsy.Methods 115 patients enrolled in this open-label,self-controlled prospective study which were designed to adopt slower dosage escalation schedule with lower initial,until reached target dosages(up to 8 weeks) or the most tolerable dosages of Topiramate,and maintained them 1~3 years treatment.The long-term efficacy,safety of Topiramate and their relationship with dosage were evaluated.Results The median percentages reduction were 56.0%,75.8%,76.1%,77.3% and 78.1% after 8 weeks,6 months,1 year,2 years and 3 years Topiramate treatment respectively for adults,and 32.1%,66.7%,68.9%,70.1% and 70.8% respectively for children.The overall efficacy for partial seizures(70.6%) was higher than that for generalized seizures(37.5%)((P
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10 mm in diameter and tended to be correlated with the main discharges in EEG in two cases. 11 of 20 cases (61.11%) were effective with AEDs. After more than one year following up, 3 of 10 patients became worse.Conclusion Seizures in TS usually begin in young children, and partial seizures is the commonest seizure type in this study. There is a shift in seizure type during the clinical course. The results also suggests that there is a certain correlation between the size of cortical tubers and the epiletogenic focus. Treatment with AEDs is effective. However, the effect appears decreasing with increasing age.